See Hugh Wilford, America’s Great Game: The CIA’s Secret Arabists and the Shaping of the Modern Middle East (New York: Basic Books, 2013), 163–8 specifically regarding Lambton’s role in the Mossadeq coup, see Kramer, ‘Miss Lambton’s Advice’. Kermit Roosevelt, Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control of Iran (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), passim. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2004) also Davies, MI6, 224–7 See Appendix D to Report on the Methods of Ensuring Security of the Road Bushire-Shiraz-Isfahan, 10 January 1943, WO 201/1400A, TNA Maclean, Eastern Approaches, 212–21 Frank McLynn, Fitzroy Maclean (London: John Murray, 1992), 113–16.įor more in general about the Mossadeq coup, see Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran, ed. McFarland, ‘Anatomy of an Iranian Political Crowd: The Tehran Bread Riot of December 1942’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 17, no. For more about Zahedi, see Milani, Eminent Persians, 495–505. An unillustrated version of Maclean’s autobiography was also published in the United States as Escape to Adventure (Boston: Little Brown, 1950). Extract reprinted by permission of Peters Fraser & Dunlop (on behalf of the Estate of Fitzroy Maclean. It was essentially an independent military special operation carried out on 7 December 1942 by regular infantry soldiers (Seaforth Highlanders) with negligible commando training under GHQ Baghdad (PAIFORCE) command.įitzroy Maclean, Eastern Approaches (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949), 214. 4 Although Zahedi was in clandestine contact with the Germans, and his arrest removed a significant security threat, there was no security-intelligence (CICI/DSO) involvement in Operation PONGO. According to Maclean, who planned the Persian operation himself without any formal sanction by SOE, to whom the task would normally have fallen, he was given a free hand by Sir Reader Bullard and Jumbo Wilson’s chief-of-staff, Joseph Baillon, in the matter of the arrest of the powerful southern Persian malcontent Fazlollah Zahedi, governor-general of Isfahan (see Figure 8.1): ‘Only two conditions were made: I was to take him alive and I was to do so without creating a disturbance.’ 3 According to Jumbo Wilson, the decision to arrest Zahedi was his and achieved its goal: ‘the possibility of others being treated in a like manner put a complete damper on any further activities of the plotters’. In the absence of any reported offensive SOE actions - so-called ‘bangs’ - on Persian soil between 19, mention needs to be made here of a unique PAIFORCE covert operation (codenamed PONGO) which marked the special-operations debut of Fitzroy Maclean, who would subsequently distinguish himself as a prominent SOE commander (D/H178) 2 with Tito’s partisans in Yugoslavia.
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